A fundamental question of human society is the evolution of cooperation. Manyprevious studies explored this question via setting spatial background, whereplayers obtain their payoffs by playing game with their nearest neighbors.Another undoubted fact is that environment plays an important role in theindividual development. Inspired by these phenomena, we reconsider thedefinition of individual fitness which integrates the environment, denoted bythe average payoff of all individual neighbors, with the traditional individualpayoffs by introducing a selection parameter $u$. Tuning $u$ equal to zeroreturns the traditional version, while increasing $u$ bears the influence ofenvironment. We find that considering the environment, i.e. integratingneighborhoods in the evaluation of fitness, promotes cooperation. If we enhancethe value of $u$, the invasion of defection could be resisted better. We alsoprovide quantitative explanations and complete phase diagrams presenting theinfluence of environment on the evolution of cooperation. Finally, theuniversality of this mechanism is testified for different neighborhood sizes,different topology structures and different game models. Our work may shed alight on the emergence and persistence of cooperation in our life.
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机译：人类社会的一个基本问题是合作的演变。许多以前的研究都是通过设置空间背景来探讨这个问题的，玩家通过与周围的邻居玩游戏来获得收益。另一个毋庸置疑的事实是，环境在个体发展中起着重要的作用。受这些现象的启发，我们通过引入选择参数$ u $来重新考虑对个人适应度的定义，该定义将环境（由所有邻居的平均收益表示）与传统的个体收益结合在一起。将u调整为等于零将返回传统版本，而增加u则受到环境的影响。我们发现，考虑环境，即在评估适应性时整合社区，可以促进合作。如果我们提高美元的价值，可以更好地抵抗叛逃的入侵。我们还提供了定量的解释和完整的阶段图，介绍了环境对合作演变的影响。最后，针对不同的邻域大小，不同的拓扑结构和不同的博弈模型证明了该机制的普遍性。我们的工作可能会揭示我们生活中合作的出现和持续存在。
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